{"id":14,"date":"2023-10-04T10:03:49","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T08:03:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/grdec\/?page_id=14"},"modified":"2025-09-29T18:48:33","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T16:48:33","slug":"panel-polat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/grdec\/panel-polat\/","title":{"rendered":"Panel POLAT"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The Spanish Political Attitudes Panel Dataset, also known as the POLAT Panel, is an original survey developed by the Democracy, Elections &amp; Citizenship research group to measure and explain changes in individuals\u2019 political attitudes and behaviors. The first&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ddd.uab.cat\/record\/243399\">6 waves<\/a>&nbsp;of the panel were published in 2021, and since July 2024 a new release of&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dataverse.csuc.cat\/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.34810\/data1486\">12 waves<\/a>&nbsp;is public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-align-center wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/dataverse.csuc.cat\/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.34810\/data1486\">Download data<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-025-05684-4\">about the data<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The POLAT panel tracks changes in political attitudes and behaviours of 4,633 Spanish individuals along time. The data set includes an unbalanced panel of 20,991 observations distributed along twelve waves fielded between 2010 and 2020. The same questions have been asked including aspects such as&nbsp; perceptions of the economy, most important problem, government evaluations, emotions, media consumption, social media use, citizens and parties\u2019 attitudes towards different political issues (i.e. immigration, abortion, gay rights, taxes, public expenditure, territorial organization, law and order, feminism, climate change), political attitudes (i.e. interest, efficacy, left-right identification, satisfaction with democracy, duty to vote, trust, partisanship, authoritarianism, populism, sexism), territorial and national identities,&nbsp; psychological predispositions (i.e. personality, risk aversion, life satisfaction), political participation (including participation in specific protests such as the 15M or the 8M), threat perceptions, political knowledge, turnout, and vote choice among others, as well as a wide range of sociodemographic characteristics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The data as well as more details are available at the UAB CORA repository:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover\" style=\"min-height:114px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-groc-caputxina-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-small-font-size\">Pannico, Roberto; Damjan Tomic; Laura Guti\u00e9rrez Z\u00e1rate; Josep Maria Comellas Bonsfills; Enrique Hern\u00e1ndez P\u00e9rez; Carol Galais Gonz\u00e1lez; Guillem Rico Camps; Danislava Milkova Marinova; Jordi Mu\u00f1oz; Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Hierro; Berta Barbet; Eva Anduiza Perea (coordinator), 2024, &#8220;POLAT Panel. Spanish Political Attitudes Dataset (12 waves)&#8221;,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34810\/data1486\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34810\/data1486<\/a>, CORA.&nbsp;Repositori de Dades de Recerca<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>Publications<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-mamaduka-toggles wp-block-toggles\"><summary>2025<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-toggles__content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-025-05684-4\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-025-05684-4\">Pannico, R., Galais, C., Hern\u00e1ndez, E., Rico, G., &amp; Anduiza, E. (2025) The Spanish Political Attitudes Panel (12 waves) <em>Scientific Data <\/em>12: 1565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-025-05684-4<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hellwing, T. (2025) Choosing Challengers: Opposition Party Sucess in Hard Times. <em>World Politics<\/em> [forthcoming]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00323217241311416\">Padilla, J. (2025) Do Protests Change Citizens&#8217; Perceptions of Political Parties? Evidence From 15-M in Spain. <em>Political Studies 0<\/em>(0).&nbsp; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00323217241311416<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijpor\/edae059\">Galais, C. &amp; Balinhas, D., (2025) Affective Polarization in the Face of Crisis: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and De-Escalation Policies in Spain.<em> Journal of Public Opinion Reseach<\/em> <em>37(1)<\/em> , edae059<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-mamaduka-toggles wp-block-toggles\"><summary>2024<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-toggles__content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/recyt.fecyt.es\/index.php\/recp\/article\/view\/102565\">Tomic, D., Galais, C., Hern\u00e1ndez, E., Marinova, D., Pannico, R., Rico, G., Ares, M., Hierro, M. J., Mu\u00f1oz, J., Anduiza, E. (2024) The POLAT Panel: Spanish Political Survey.<em> Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Ciencia Pol\u00edtica<\/em> <em>(65), <\/em>73-88<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/17449057.2024.2400637\">Balinhas, D. (2024) Examining the Territorial Dimension as a Source of Affective Polarization in the Spanish Multinational Democracy: A longitudinal Analysis <em>Ethnopolitics<\/em>, 1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17449057.2024.2400637<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-mamaduka-toggles wp-block-toggles\"><summary>2023<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-toggles__content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01925121231190555\">Galais, C. &amp; P\u00e9rez-Raj\u00f3, J. (2023) Populist radical right-wing parties and the assault on political correctness: The impact of Vox in Spain. <em>International Political Science Review<\/em> <em>44<\/em>(4), 492-506<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-mamaduka-toggles wp-block-toggles\"><summary>2022<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-toggles__content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/ajps.12759\">Anduiza, E., &amp; Guillem R. (2022). Sexism and the far-right vote: the individual dynamics of gender backlash.&nbsp;<em>American Journal of Political Science.<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/01402382.2021.1917153?journalCode=fwep20\">Hern\u00e1ndez, E., &amp; Galais, C. (2022). The long-lasting effects of citizenship education.&nbsp;<em>West European Politics<\/em>, 45(5), 1130-1152.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/1475-6765.12495\">Jungkunz, S., &amp; Marx, P. (2022). Income changes do not influence political involvement in panel data from six countries.&nbsp;<em>European journal of political research, 61<\/em>(3), 829-841.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/13540688221085235\">Pannico, R., &amp; Anduiza, E. (2022). On time and meaningful partisanship: Stability, strength, and sway of attachment to new parties.&nbsp;<em>Party Politics<\/em>, 13540688221085235.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-mamaduka-toggles wp-block-toggles\"><summary>2021<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-toggles__content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dialnet.unirioja.es\/servlet\/articulo?codigo=8415487\">D\u00edaz, A. M., Galais, C., &amp; Perea, E. A. (2021). Ya \u00e9ramos diferentes: Los efectos del 15M sobre las actitudes pol\u00edticas. In&nbsp;<em>Tras la indignaci\u00f3n: el 15M: miradas desde el presente<\/em>&nbsp;(pp. 47-62). Gedisa.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-53405-9\">Portos, Mart\u00edn. 2021.&nbsp;<em>Grievances and Public Protests: Political Mobilisation in Spain in the Age of Austerity<\/em>. Cham: Springer International Publishing.&nbsp;<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20378\/irb-52127\">Wehl, N. (2021).&nbsp;<em>Unemployment and Labour Market Policy Attitudes: Political Predispositions, Economic Self-Interest, and Questions of Causality<\/em>&nbsp;(Doctoral dissertation, Otto-Friedrich-Universit\u00e4t Bamberg, Fakult\u00e4t Sozial-und Wirtschaftswissenschaften).<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-mamaduka-toggles wp-block-toggles\"><summary>2020<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-toggles__content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-elgar.com\/shop\/gbp\/research-handbook-on-political-partisanship-9781788111980.html\">Anduiza, E., &amp; Pannico, R. (2020). Attitudinal consequences of partisanship for new parties. In&nbsp;<em>Research Handbook on Political Partisanship<\/em>&nbsp;(pp. 281-293). Edward Elgar Publishing.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijpor\/article-abstract\/32\/2\/344\/5553738?redirectedFrom=fulltext\">Feitosa, F., &amp; Galais, C. (2020). How stable is the sense of civic duty to vote? A panel study on the individual-level stability of the attitude.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/1465116520935198\">Hern\u00e1ndez, E., &amp; Pannico, R. (2020). The impact of EU institutional advertising on public support for European Integration.&nbsp;<em>European Union Politics,&nbsp;<\/em>22(4), 569\u2013589<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-mamaduka-toggles wp-block-toggles\"><summary>2019<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-toggles__content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1057\/s41269-017-0068-7\">Rico, G., &amp; Anduiza, E. (2019). Economic correlates of populist attitudes: an analysis of nine European countries in the aftermath of the great recession.&nbsp;<em>Acta Politica<\/em>&nbsp;54, 371-397<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-mamaduka-toggles wp-block-toggles\"><summary>2017<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-toggles__content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijpor\/article-abstract\/29\/3\/497\/2669464?redirectedFrom=fulltext\">Anduiza, E., &amp; Galais, C. (2017). Answering without reading: IMCs and strong satisficing in online surveys.<em>&nbsp;International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 29<\/em>(3), 497-519.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cadmus.eui.eu\/handle\/1814\/46185\">Galais, C., &amp; Lorenzini, J. (2017). Half a loaf is (not) better than none: How austerity-related grievances and emotions triggered protests in Spain.&nbsp;<em>Mobilization, 22<\/em>(1), 77-95.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/spsr.12261\">Rico, G., Guinjoan, M., &amp; Anduiza, E. (2017). The emotional underpinnings of populism: How anger and fear affect populist attitudes.&nbsp;<em>Swiss Political Science Review, 23<\/em>(4), 444-461.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-mamaduka-toggles wp-block-toggles\"><summary>2016<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-toggles__content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0192512114550372\">Galais, C., &amp; Blais, A. (2016). Beyond rationalization: Voting out of duty or expressing duty after voting? International Political Science Review, 37(2), 213-229.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-mamaduka-toggles wp-block-toggles\"><summary>2014<\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-toggles__content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/2053168014540605\">Galais, C., &amp; Blais, A. (2014). A call of duty in hard times: Duty to vote and the Spanish Economic Crisis.&nbsp;<em>Research &amp; Politics, 1<\/em>(2), 2053168014540605.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-elgar.com\/shop\/gbp\/how-welfare-states-shape-the-democratic-public-9781782545484.html\">Mu\u00f1oz, J., Anduiza, E., &amp; Rico, G. (2014). Empowering cuts? Austerity policies and political involvement in Spain. In&nbsp;<em>How welfare states shape the democratic public<\/em>. Edward Elgar Publishing.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Spanish Political Attitudes Panel Dataset, also known as the POLAT Panel, is an original survey developed by the Democracy, Elections &amp; Citizenship research group to measure and explain changes in individuals\u2019 political attitudes and behaviors. The first&nbsp;6 waves&nbsp;of the panel were published in 2021, and since July 2024 a new release of&nbsp;12 waves&nbsp;is public. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2768,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/grdec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/grdec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/grdec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/grdec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2768"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/grdec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/grdec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":617,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/grdec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14\/revisions\/617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/grdec\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}