{"id":232,"date":"2024-01-22T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/icellegiriescriure-aprendre\/?p=232"},"modified":"2024-01-22T08:30:48","modified_gmt":"2024-01-22T06:30:48","slug":"metode-sintetic-o-metode-global-per-aprendre-a-llegir-i-escriure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/icellegiriescriure-aprendre\/2024\/01\/22\/metode-sintetic-o-metode-global-per-aprendre-a-llegir-i-escriure\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00c8TODE SINT\u00c8TIC O M\u00c8TODE GLOBAL PER APRENDRE A LLEGIR I ESCRIURE?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-small-font-size\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:300\">Mireia P\u00e9rez-Peixt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tant de bo la resposta a aquesta pregunta fos un\u00edvoca, perqu\u00e8 llavors tot seria molt m\u00e9s f\u00e0cil. Per\u00f2 malhauradament no existeix cap m\u00e8tode per ensenyar i aprendre a llegir i a escriure que ho resolgui tot per a tothom.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si b\u00e9 \u00e9s cert que, darrerament, despr\u00e9s dels \u00faltims resultats de PISA i PIRLS s\u2019est\u00e0 insistint en la bondat del m\u00e8tode sint\u00e8tic (o fon\u00e8tic, com alguns l\u2019anomenen), aquest m\u00e8tode no resol algunes q\u00fcestions com, per exemple, accions cognitives d\u2019alt nivell inherents a l\u2019acte de llegir o escriure, com ho \u00e9s la comprensi\u00f3. De fet, l\u2019any 1979, la UNESCO ja va advertir que hi ha persones alfabetitzades que, a la pr\u00e0ctica, no poden comprendre all\u00f2 que llegeixen i va designar un nou tipus d\u2019analfabetisme: l\u2019analfabetisme funcional. \u00c9s a dir, persones que poden desxifrar un text per\u00f2 que no despleguen estrat\u00e8gies de comprensi\u00f3 i que, per tant, no comprenen all\u00f2 que llegeixen. D\u2019altra banda, el m\u00e8tode global, tampoc ho resol tot. En diferents moments del proc\u00e9s d\u2019aprendre a escriure i a llegir, cal focalitzar l\u2019atenci\u00f3 en q\u00fcestions fon\u00e8tiques, ortogr\u00e0fiques, de consci\u00e8ncia fonol\u00f2gica, etc. Aqu\u00ed, al blog, tenim alguns exemples d\u2019aquestes q\u00fcestions m\u00e9s mec\u00e0niques que, sovint, s\u2019han atribu\u00eft al m\u00e8tode sint\u00e8tic. Aquests, en son alguns:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icellegiriescriure.wixsite.com\/aprendre\/single-post\/2018\/02\/26\/hi-ha-lletres-que-enganyen\">Hi ha lletres que enganyen?&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icellegiriescriure.wixsite.com\/aprendre\/single-post\/2018\/09\/17\/amitj%C3%B3\">AMITJ\u00d3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icellegiriescriure.wixsite.com\/aprendre\/single-post\/2018\/09\/10\/mixo\">MIXO<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icellegiriescriure.wixsite.com\/aprendre\/single-post\/2018\/12\/10\/un-petit-gran-canvi\">Un petit gran canvi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icellegiriescriure.wixsite.com\/aprendre\/single-post\/2019\/02\/25\/pisquina\">Pisquina<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icellegiriescriure.wixsite.com\/aprendre\/single-post\/2019\/06\/03\/%C3%A0lbum-o-%C3%A0lgum\">\u00e0lbum o \u00e0lgum?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icellegiriescriure.wixsite.com\/aprendre\/single-post\/2015\/04\/06\/hazel-horizons\">Mar\u00e7o<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icellegiriescriure.wixsite.com\/aprendre\/single-post\/sinta-o-cinta-les-decisions-dels-mestres-en-l-acompanyament-de-la-correcci%C3%B3-de-l-escriptura-dels-al\">Sinta o cinta<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icellegiriescriure.wixsite.com\/aprendre\/single-post\/s-escriu-c-per%C3%B2-sona-s\">S\u2019escriu C per\u00f2 sona S!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icellegiriescriure.wixsite.com\/aprendre\/single-post\/miquel-o-mikel\">Miquel o Mikel<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icellegiriescriure.wixsite.com\/aprendre\/single-post\/consci%C3%A8ncia-fonol%C3%B2gica-i-coneixement-ortogr%C3%A0fic\">Consci\u00e8ncia fonol\u00f2gica i coneixement ortogr\u00e0fic<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icellegiriescriure.wixsite.com\/aprendre\/single-post\/consci%C3%A8ncia-fonol%C3%B2gica-i-tant-per%C3%B2-quan-com\">Consci\u00e8ncia fonol\u00f2gica? I tant! Per\u00f2 quan i com?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El que fa tan complex aquest aprenentatge \u00e9s comprendre que tots els aspectes involucrats: consci\u00e8ncia fonol\u00f2gica, entendre els usos de la llengua escrita, construir la relaci\u00f3 del que dic i com s\u2019escriu, del que est\u00e0 escrit i com sona, de la interpretaci\u00f3 -i un m\u00e9s que llarg etc\u00e8tera- s&#8217;imbriquen TOTS a la vegada. Cap m\u00e8tode resol l\u2019acte de llegir i escriure en la seva complexitat total perqu\u00e8 com \u00e9s evident, sin\u00f3, tots l\u2019aplicar\u00edem. El que sabem del cert, \u00e9s que els infants construeixen el pensament i el coneixement en interacci\u00f3 i que es necessita d\u2019un expert que identifiqui la seva Zona de Desenvolupament Proper per generar aquest potencial d\u2019aprenentatge per tal que l\u2019infant segueixi aprenent i avan\u00e7ant.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sovint, per\u00f2, s\u2019ha donat a entendre que si no treballes seguint el m\u00e8tode sint\u00e8tic sembla que \u201cels infants aprenguin a llegir i a escriure sols\u201d. I res m\u00e9s allunyat de la realitat. Sabem que&nbsp; els infants adquireixen una consci\u00e8ncia fonol\u00f2gica a mesura que transiten les etapes descrites per Ferreiro i Teberosky (1979), i que han de conviure en entorns alfabetitzats, han d&#8217;aprendre el repertori de lletres de la llengua amb la qual es comuniquen, han d\u2019incorporar q\u00fcestions complexes com que un so t\u00e9 diferents maneres d&#8217;escriure, o que una mateixa lletra t\u00e9 un so diferent en funci\u00f3 de les lletres que la segueixen, i, novament, un molt llarg etc\u00e8tera. I si, a part de tot aix\u00f2, no volem que siguin analfabets funcionals, necessitem que les persones que estan aprenent a llegir i a escriure, comprenguin, tamb\u00e9, com funciona i per a qu\u00e8 serveix aquest artefacte cultural anomenat escriptura.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aprendre a llegir i a escriure \u00e9s un proc\u00e9s llarg, complex i demandant. I si no, que li preguntin a aquest infant, tan conegut a les xarxes, que si b\u00e9 ha apr\u00e8s meravellosament el repertori de lletres de l\u2019alfabet espanyol, encara es troba en una fase de designaci\u00f3 i li atribueix a les lletres el valor d\u2019all\u00f2 que designen i no per all\u00f2 que sonen:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NI\u00d1O LEYENDO WELCOME ALFOMBRA \ud83e\udd2d\ud83e\udd23\" width=\"580\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0JLsUE10Q5A?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I no ens cansarem de dir-ho: nosaltres -com a grup de persones que reflexionen sobre el proc\u00e9s d\u2019ensenyar i aprendre a llegir i a escriure a l\u2019Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Educaci\u00f3 de la UAB- no ens podem casar amb cap m\u00e8tode en concret. Al llarg del proc\u00e9s d\u2019aprendre a llegir i a escriure, hi haur\u00e0 d\u2019haver estones que s&#8217;identificaran amb els recursos propis d&#8217;un m\u00e8tode global i d&#8217;altres amb els recursos d&#8217;un m\u00e8tode sint\u00e8tic per\u00f2 en qualsevol cas, totes han de prendre de partida els coneixements previs que t\u00e9 l\u2019infant, per tal que segueixi aprenent a escriure i a llegir.<\/p>\n\n\n<script>\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn(\"The 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Per\u00f2 malhauradament no existeix cap m\u00e8tode per ensenyar i aprendre a llegir i a escriure que ho resolgui tot per a tothom.&nbsp; Si b\u00e9 \u00e9s cert que, darrerament, despr\u00e9s dels \u00faltims resultats de PISA i PIRLS [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2663,"featured_media":234,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-66"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/icellegiriescriure-aprendre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/icellegiriescriure-aprendre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/icellegiriescriure-aprendre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/icellegiriescriure-aprendre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2663"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/icellegiriescriure-aprendre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=232"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/icellegiriescriure-aprendre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":233,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/icellegiriescriure-aprendre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232\/revisions\/233"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/icellegiriescriure-aprendre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/icellegiriescriure-aprendre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/icellegiriescriure-aprendre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/icellegiriescriure-aprendre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}