Migratory birds save energy by flying in formation, benefiting from the airflow created by others ahead. Wake Energy Retrieval (WER)applies the same principle to aviation, allowing aircraft to reduce fuel consumption and emissions by flying in optimised formations.
This project explores how WER operations could be safely introduced into European air traffic. It defines an initial Concept of Operations for Europe–North Atlantic flights, analysing safety implications and impacts on existing systems, and develops solutions for extending WER to European domestic airspace. Beyond CO₂ reductions, the project also investigates non‑CO₂ environmental benefits, supporting more sustainable future air transport.