{"id":469,"date":"2015-05-25T11:25:23","date_gmt":"2015-05-25T09:25:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/?page_id=469"},"modified":"2015-05-25T11:25:23","modified_gmt":"2015-05-25T09:25:23","slug":"using-contractions-and-truncations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/pagina-exemple\/abbreviations-and-symbols\/using-abbreviations\/using-contractions-and-truncations\/","title":{"rendered":"Using contractions and truncations"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Contractions and truncations are generally used in headers, footnotes, endnotes, tables and text boxes. For a list of the contractions, truncations and initialisms that are most commonly used in formal language, see <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/pagina-exemple\/appendix\/appendix-1-common-contractions-truncations-and-initialisms\/\">Appendix 1: Common contractions, truncations and initialisms<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If you are unsure of whether you need to use points, remember the following cases.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"tipsSquare compact\">\n<li><strong>Truncated forms as codes or symbols<\/strong>Truncated forms used as codes or symbols do not take points.\n<div class=\"tipsCentrat\">\n<table class=\"tipsExempleTaula\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tipsEsquerra\" valign=\"top\">\n<table class=\"tipsExempleTaulaExemple tipsCorrecte\" border=\"0\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mida26px\" valign=\"top\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-80\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\" alt=\"Small_OK\" width=\"19\" height=\"19\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\">EN (English)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"tipsEsquerra\" valign=\"top\">\n<table class=\"tipsExempleTaulaExemple tipsCorrecte\" border=\"0\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mida26px\" valign=\"top\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-80\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\" alt=\"Small_OK\" width=\"19\" height=\"19\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\">kg (kilogram)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Full words or contractions in Latin<\/strong>Certain Latin forms do not take a point because they are full words. Likewise, full words within Latin phrases do not require a point.\n<div class=\"tipsCentrat\">\n<table class=\"tipsExempleTaula\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tipsEsquerra\" valign=\"top\">\n<table class=\"tipsExempleTaulaExemple tipsCorrecte\" border=\"0\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mida26px\" valign=\"top\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-80\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\" alt=\"Small_OK\" width=\"19\" height=\"19\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><em>sic<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"tipsEsquerra\" valign=\"top\">\n<table class=\"tipsExempleTaulaExemple tipsCorrecte\" border=\"0\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mida26px\" valign=\"top\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-80\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\" alt=\"Small_OK\" width=\"19\" height=\"19\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\"><span class=\"exemple\">et<\/span> al.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>The Latin form <em>numero<\/em> is abbreviated to <em>no.<\/em> to avoid confusion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abbreviating people\u2019s names<\/strong>Abbreviate people\u2019s first names with a single letter only, followed by a point and a space.\n<div class=\"tipsCentrat\">\n<table class=\"tipsTaula noBorder taula-estandard\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"header\">\n<td class=\"cela-0\" valign=\"top\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"cela-1\" valign=\"top\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\" tipsImparell (2 % 2)\">\n<td class=\"cela-2\" valign=\"top\">Philippe Junot<\/td>\n<td class=\"cela-3\" valign=\"top\"><span class=\"exemple\">P.<\/span> Junot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\" tipsParell (4 % 2)\">\n<td class=\"cela-4\" valign=\"top\">Theodore Roosevelt<\/td>\n<td class=\"cela-5\" valign=\"top\"><span class=\"exemple\">T.<\/span> Roosevelt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Write multiple initials with points and spaces.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tipsCentrat\">\n<table class=\"tipsTaula noBorder taula-estandard\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"header\">\n<td class=\"cela-0\" valign=\"top\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"cela-1\" valign=\"top\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\" tipsImparell (2 % 2)\">\n<td class=\"cela-2\" valign=\"top\">Elwyn Brooks White<\/td>\n<td class=\"cela-3\" valign=\"top\"><span class=\"exemple\">E. B.<\/span> White<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Represent compound first names by both initials.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tipsCentrat\">\n<table class=\"tipsTaula noBorder taula-estandard\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"header\">\n<td class=\"cela-0\" valign=\"top\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"cela-1\" valign=\"top\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\" tipsImparell (2 % 2)\">\n<td class=\"cela-2\" valign=\"top\">Joan Manuel Serrat<\/td>\n<td class=\"cela-3\" valign=\"top\"><span class=\"exemple\">J. M.<\/span> Serrat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\" tipsParell (4 % 2)\">\n<td class=\"cela-4\" valign=\"top\">Jean-Paul Sartre<\/td>\n<td class=\"cela-5\" valign=\"top\"><span class=\"exemple\">J.-P.<\/span> Sartre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lower-case truncations<\/strong>Note that some common truncations are never written in upper case, even at the beginning of a footnote.\n<div class=\"tipsCentrat\">\n<table class=\"tipsExempleTaula\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tipsEsquerra\" valign=\"top\">\n<table class=\"tipsExempleTaulaExemple tipsCorrecte\" border=\"0\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mida26px\" valign=\"top\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-80\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\" alt=\"Small_OK\" width=\"19\" height=\"19\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\">c. (circa)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"tipsEsquerra\" valign=\"top\">\n<table class=\"tipsExempleTaulaExemple tipsCorrecte\" border=\"0\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mida26px\" valign=\"top\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-80\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\" alt=\"Small_OK\" width=\"19\" height=\"19\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\">e.g. (\u2019for example\u2019)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"tipsEsquerra\" valign=\"top\">\n<table class=\"tipsExempleTaulaExemple tipsCorrecte\" border=\"0\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mida26px\" valign=\"top\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-80\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\" alt=\"Small_OK\" width=\"19\" height=\"19\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\">i.e. (\u2019that is\u2019)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tipsCentrat\">\n<table class=\"tipsExempleTaula\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tipsEsquerra\" valign=\"top\">\n<table class=\"tipsExempleTaulaExemple tipsCorrecte\" border=\"0\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mida26px\" valign=\"top\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-80\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\" alt=\"Small_OK\" width=\"19\" height=\"19\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\">l., ll. (line, lines)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"tipsEsquerra\" valign=\"top\">\n<table class=\"tipsExempleTaulaExemple tipsCorrecte\" border=\"0\" summary=\"Taula amb exemples\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mida26px\" valign=\"top\"><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-80\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/files\/2015\/04\/Small_OK.jpg\" alt=\"Small_OK\" width=\"19\" height=\"19\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td valign=\"middle\">p., pp. (page, pages)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use of <em>Article<\/em><\/strong>Note that the word <em>Article<\/em> may be abbreviated to <em>Art.<\/em> in footnotes or tables, but should not be abbreviated in running text.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use of <em>etc.<\/em><\/strong>Only use <em>etc<\/em>. at the end of a series of examples and never at the end of a series introduced by the words <em>like<\/em>, <em>for example<\/em> or <em>such as<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/pagina-exemple\/abbreviations-and-symbols\/using-abbreviations\/\">Back to Using Abbreviations<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/pagina-exemple\/abbreviations-and-symbols\/\">Back to Abbreviations and Symbols<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/pagina-exemple\/\">Back to Content<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Contractions and truncations are generally used in headers, footnotes, endnotes, tables and text boxes. For a list of the contractions, truncations and initialisms that are most commonly used in formal language, see Appendix 1: Common contractions, truncations and initialisms. If you are unsure of whether you need to use points, remember the following cases. Truncated [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":59,"featured_media":0,"parent":436,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-469","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/59"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/469\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/manualdestilinteruniversitari\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}