{"id":1309,"date":"2017-02-14T09:07:22","date_gmt":"2017-02-14T07:07:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.uab.cat\/saramartinalegre\/?p=1309"},"modified":"2017-02-14T09:07:22","modified_gmt":"2017-02-14T07:07:22","slug":"hello-handsome-on-describing-male-beauty-in-fiction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/saramartinalegre\/2017\/02\/14\/hello-handsome-on-describing-male-beauty-in-fiction\/","title":{"rendered":"HELLO, HANDSOME!: ON DESCRIBING MALE BEAUTY IN FICTION<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

The illustration by Nick Hardcastle showing \u201cthe first historically accurate illustration of Mr Darcy (\u2026) based on research commissioned by channel Drama to celebrate Jane Austen Season\u201d has run like burning powder through my Department colleagues\u2019 email. \u201cKey findings\u201d, we are told, \u201cinclude Mr Darcy\u2019s sloping shoulders, powdered white hair, a long nose, pointy chin and pale complexion\u201d (https:\/\/vimeo.com\/203141362\/45c36ba575<\/a>). Once you consider Darcy\u2019s new fancy mug shot, you may next read the article on which this is based, by Professors John Sutherland and Amanda Vickery (http:\/\/drama.uktv.co.uk\/pride-and-prejudice\/article\/real-mr-darcy-dramatic-re-appraisal\/<\/a>). It is called \u201cThe Real Mr Darcy: A Dramatic Re-Appraisal\u201d, and it offers a quite amusing description of what a most desirable man must have looked like\u2026 either in 1790s when Austen wrote her novel or in 1813 when it was published, a mere 20 years apart, with Romanticism in the middle. Very accurate.<\/p>\n

As you can see, I find the idea of portraying the \u2018real\u2019 Darcy absolute nonsense, as, to begin with, Darcy is a fictional character. As I have recently complained, authors offer too little description (except Dickens), which makes our task as readers often quite annoying. In the case of men presented as sex symbols, like Darcy, this vagueness may be an advantage to writers, for Austen only needs to say that Darcy is \u201chandsome\u201d for each woman reader to supply an ideal image. Here\u2019s how Darcy is actually presented (in Chapter III of Pride and Prejudice<\/em>), in direct contrast, by the way, with his best friend: \u201cMr. Bingley was good looking and gentlemanlike; he had a pleasant countenance, and easy, unaffected manners. (\u2026) his friend Mr. Darcy soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome features, noble mien; and the report which was in general circulation within five minutes after his entrance, of his having ten thousand a year.\u201d Two observations: not the man himself but his features are described as handsome, and Austen makes sure we get the point that Darcy\u2019s handsomeness is much enhanced by his annual rent, in today\u2019s currency, of 500,000\u00a3. The passage, however, continues, by noting that Darcy was much admired until \u201chis manners gave a disgust which turned the tide of his popularity; for he was discovered to be proud (\u2026)\u201d. Indisputably, Pride and Prejudice<\/em> is the story of how Darcy\u2019s physical handsomeness is only proven by his handsome rescue of brainless Lydia from her entanglement with Wickham.<\/p>\n

Colin Firth, who played a very manly Darcy in the 1995 BBC adaptation, obviously embodied for a whole generation of Austen readers a fantasy of handsomeness, as, of course, did Laurence Olivier for the 1940s. In contrast, Matthew McFadyen did nothing for the role. You will see that the many press articles generated by Hardcastle\u2019s illustration tend to compare it with a photo of Firth as Austen\u2019s heartthrob. Now we know that Firth had to die his gingerish hair in a darker hue to comply with the \u2018dark\u2019 part of the standard \u2018tall, dark, handsome\u2019 description. He\u2019s naturally tall, at 1.87 m. Having recently heard Jack Halberstam wonder why in heterosexual romance men must be very tall, I now find this matter of height quite droll. Are the 10 cms separating Tom Cruise (170) from Brad Pitt (180) so crucial? Going back to Austen, just let me point out what should be obvious: an illustration of one possible way in which Darcy could be represented in the mental theatre of the female readers of the 1810s is not an illustration of the \u2018real\u2019 Darcy but only one element in the ongoing history of how Darcy has been imagined throughout the years. Also, of the history of the representation of male beauty in fiction.<\/p>\n

I keep on telling my students\u2013I\u2019m sure I have already mentioned this here\u2013that I want to supervise a PhD dissertation on the use of the word \u2018handsome\u2019 in fiction, particularly by women but not only so. My moment of enlightenment came when reading Iain M. Banks\u2019 science-fiction novel The Hydrogen Sonata<\/em>. As I\u2019m sure I have already narrated here, the female protagonist Vyr finds herself gradually falling in love with Beardle, the avatar of the powerful artificial intelligence, or Mind, that runs one of the colossal spaceships which comprise the executive arm of the utopian Culture. Guess how Beardle is described? He\u2019s handsome. Vyr is absolutely chagrined when Beardle basically tells her she\u2019s an idiot for feeling anything towards him, as he is not even human. I was also chagrined, for as a heterosexual female reader used to responding in this silly Pavlovian way to the word \u2018handsome\u2019, I had also fallen for Beardle. For Vyr the problem is that Beardle is not a real man. I happen to share her problem for, precisely, Beardle is a fictional construct. Not a real man. Much like Darcy.<\/p>\n

There is a wonderful conversation about whether the use of \u2018handsome\u2019 is archaic in relation to women here: http:\/\/english.stackexchange.com\/questions\/17108\/can-you-still-call-a-woman-handsome<\/a>. I will not go into this but let me just note that Sigourney Weaver is mentioned as a handsome woman, and Scarlett Johanson as a pretty one, though in my view she\u2019s more handsome than pretty\u2013attractive perhaps. Anyway, if we consider the difference between a \u2018handsome man\u2019 and a \u2018pretty man\u2019 (Douglas Booth, Elijah Wood), you begin to see that \u2018handsome\u2019 actually means \u2018attractive in a manly way\u2019. Therefore, what makes us, heterosexual female readers, respond to the adjective \u2018handsome\u2019 is the manliness embedded in it. Whether it is Darcy\u2019s or Beardle\u2019s. <\/p>\n

A recent study indicated that woman\u2019s favourite male physical feature is not, as it is often said, the eyes, or, as some have been insisting lately, a shapely butt, but, rather, a good pair of muscled arms. Why? Because when we think \u2018manly\u2019 we think \u2018protective\u2019 and little girls that we all are, we want to be embraced by manly men with bulky arms\u2013tall ones, as daddy always is for little girls (there\u2019s Electra for you, Jack Halberstam). <\/p>\n

This is the main irritant in the new image created for Darcy: he\u2019s lost the manly arms, the square shoulders we associate with him since Firth. Profs. Sutherland and Vickery explain that in Austen\u2019s time \u201cIt was all about the legs. The six pack was unknown and square shouldered bulk was the mark of the navvy not the gentlemen. Chests were modest and shoulders sloping. Arm holes cut high and to the back rather pinioning the man within. The general effect was one of languid, graceful length not breadth. More ballet dancer than beef-cake\u201d. What they\u2019re missing is that not even ballet dancers, whether gay or not, look languid today. Also that contemporary heterosexual women do not care at all what was considered ideal for men back in the 1810s.<\/p>\n

Reading recently my good friend Isabel Cl\u00faa\u2019s new book Cuerpos de esc\u00e1ndalo: Celebridad femenina en el fin-de-si\u00e8cle<\/em>, which deals with the Spanish female stars of the popular theatre, I was surprised by the photos. There was no way I could see beauty in Carolina Otero, internationally known as \u2018la bella Otero\u2019. T\u00f3rtola Valencia, on the other hand, seemed quite handsome to me\u2013meaning that her beauty must have looked very odd in her time. I\u2019m thus making again the well-known point that the appreciation of human beauty has a history. The problem, of course, is that it has usually focused on the representation of women, not of men. When I wrote the short essay \u201cEntre Clooney y Pitt: El problema del deseo femenino heterosexual y lo sexy masculino\u201d (http:\/\/gent.uab.cat\/saramartinalegre\/sites\/gent.uab.cat.saramartinalegre\/files\/EntreCloone y Pitt Sara Martin.pdf<\/a>) I had a very hard time finding sources that discuss male beauty as seen from women\u2019s point of view. Even today, I\u2019m not sure why the six-pack is an essential part of our ideal, though it\u2019s been suggested that it connects manliness with discipline. <\/p>\n

This lack of a history of male handsomeness, I am arguing, and of its representation in print and audiovisual fiction means that we lack the codes to read Hardcastle\u2019s rendering of his \u2018real\u2019 Darcy but also to understand what is happening under our very noses. And this is quite interesting: let\u2019s see who can convincingly explain why Brad Pitt, aged 53, is universally acknowledged as the most handsome man on Earth, a title he is keeping since 1991, when he seduced Thelma (Geena Davis) and the rest of the planet in Thelma & Louise<\/em>. Recently, I went through as many lists I could find in IMDB of the hottest male actors active today, lists that ranged from men in their 70s to men in their teens, and, believe me, nobody could compare to Pitt. Chris Hemsworth came second but, like the rest, he lacked this something else that makes Pitt charismatic. Interestingly, Pitt\u2019s status as male icon of beauty seems to have been unaffected by his ex-wife Angelina Jolie\u2019s demolition of his image as ideal family man, whereas a similar icon of a similar age, Johnny Depp, is now facing decadence after a highly problematic divorce.<\/p>\n

If I go into why Pitt is so handsome, despite the acne scarring of his face, I will never finish. For the sake of my argumentation, just let\u2019s agree that nobody personifies better than him ideal masculinity today. Now think of two learned professors claiming in two hundred years time that in the fiction of 2010s Pitt is what handsome men looked like. Don\u2019t even say the words Christian Grey and Jamie Dornan, please. Next, take any contemporary novel with a handsome man, thus described, and tell me what you see. Is it Pitt, our consensual ideal, or your own personal fantasy\u2013perhaps based on someone you know?<\/p>\n

What I\u2019m saying is that not even in Austen\u2019s time was handsomeness dominated by a single image. Today, when Pitt might be the equivalent of Hardcastle\u2019s handsome man for our times, as in the past, the adjective \u2018handsome\u2019 is used by authors to trigger a certain psychological reaction in readers, not as a descriptor. A description would clarify that \u201cMr. Darcy was, at six feet, a very tall man. His impressive blue eyes were the best feature in a suitably pale countenance, dominated by an exquisite long nose, small mouth and gracefully pointed chin. His hair, naturally blonde, was hidden beneath an elegantly powdered wig.\u201d There you are.<\/p>\n

I can\u2019t wait to write the following post about, how can I put it? secondary handsomeness. Think Paul Bettany\u2026<\/p>\n

I publish a new post every Tuesday. Comments are very welcome! (Thanks!) Just be warned that I check them for spam; it might take a few days for yours to be online. Follow the blog updates on Twitter: @SaraMartinUAB and download the yearly volumes from http:\/\/ddd.uab.cat\/record\/116328. See also: http:\/\/gent.uab.cat\/saramartinalegre\/.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The illustration by Nick Hardcastle showing \u201cthe first historically accurate illustration of Mr Darcy (\u2026) based on research commissioned by channel Drama to celebrate Jane Austen Season\u201d has run like burning powder through my Department colleagues\u2019 email. \u201cKey findings\u201d, we are told, \u201cinclude Mr Darcy\u2019s sloping shoulders, powdered white hair, a long nose, pointy chin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":98,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,18],"tags":[212],"class_list":["post-1309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-film-adaptations","category-general","tag-gender-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/saramartinalegre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/saramartinalegre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/saramartinalegre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/saramartinalegre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/98"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/saramartinalegre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1309"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/saramartinalegre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1309\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/saramartinalegre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/saramartinalegre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webs.uab.cat\/saramartinalegre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}