Dual-Scale Polarimetry: Miniaturized and Terahertz-Range Polarization Control Using Advanced Materials

Polarimetry encompasses a set of optical methods and instrumentation that enable the study of light–matter interaction through polarization—a fundamental property of light. Its utility spans a wide range of applications, including astronomy, remote sensing, image processing, sustainability, botany, quantum technologies, and biomedicine.

This proposal aims to explore polarization control under two innovative technological frameworks that extend beyond conventional visible or near-infrared macroscopic measurements, pushing the boundaries of current state-of-the-art polarization technology and applications.

First, we will investigate methods to manipulate polarization in the terahertz (THz) range. THz waves offer unique advantages for biomedical imaging, enhancing contrast and resolution for tissue and cellular diagnostics. They also enable advanced wireless communication, chiral material analysis, and chemical compound characterization due to their sensitivity to specific optical properties.

Second, we will study the use of advanced materials to miniaturize polarimetric components by exploiting the use of micro-/nanopatterning. Miniaturized polarimetric sensors open new possibilities for space-constrained biomedical applications. For instance, integrating compact polarimeters into endoscopic tools could allow real-time, polarization-sensitive imaging inside the body, improving diagnostics and guiding microsurgery. Their small footprint also makes them ideal for wearable devices, implantable sensors, and lab-on-a-chip platforms.

Both approaches will require the development of novel advanced materials. For the polarization control in the terahertz regime, the design of metamaterials will be explored while for the miniaturized components, arrays of patterned micro and nanostructures will be investigated. This will be achieved using pattern transfer techniques such as lithography in combination with material deposition techniques.

The candidate should hold a degree in Physics, Materials Science, or a related discipline. A solid foundation in optics and/or materials engineering is expected, as well as familiarity with experimental laboratory work. While not strictly required, prior knowledge/interest in one or more of the following areas would be considered an asset:

• Optics: understanding of polarization, optical anisotropy, and the interaction of light with matter; familiarity with polarimetric methods and optical characterization techniques.
• Materials science: Electrochemistry, lithography, physical vapor deposition and structural / morphological characterization techniques.

In addition, the candidate should demonstrate analytical skills, motivation to learn advanced experimental techniques, and the ability to work in an interdisciplinary environment that combines physics, materials science, and optical engineering. Strong written and oral communication skills in English are also desirable.

The Optics Group at UAB is internationally recognized for its research in image processing, surface metrology, and liquid crystal applications. They specialize in polarimetric instrumentation, with innovations using liquid crystal panels and conical refraction. Their technology has been applied in industry and biomedicine, notably enhancing tissue imaging and recognition using machine learning and depolarizing observables. The team currently consists of 3 senior researchers, 1 Ramon y Cajal (RyC) investigator, 1 postdoc, and 4 PhD students.

The project will be a collaboration with Gnm3 group from UAB. Our research focuses on the design, synthesis, and characterization of advanced materials, including nanowires, lithographically patterned micro-/nano objects or electrodeposited films with tailored properties. Each system offers opportunities to uncover new physical phenomena and functionalities. Gnm3 comprises 4 senior scientists, 3 post-doctoral researchers and 5 PhD students.